Banking Sector Reform Essay

From the 1991 India monetary emergency to its status of third biggest economy on the planet by 2011, India has developed altogether regarding financial turn of events. So has its financial division. During this period, perceiving the developing needs of the segment, the Finance Ministry of Government of India (GOI) set up different boards of trustees with the assignment of breaking down India’s banking area and prescribing enactment and guidelines to make it increasingly compelling, serious and efficient.[1] Two such master Committees were set up under the chairmanship of M. Narasimham. They presented their suggestions during the 1990s in reports broadly known as the Narasimham Committee-I (1991) report and the Narasimham Committee-II (1998) Report. These proposals not just released the capability of banking in India, they are additionally perceived as a factor towards limiting the effect of worldwide budgetary emergency beginning in 2007. Not at all like the communist vote based time of the 1960s to 1980s, India is no longer protected from the worldwide economy but its banks endure the 2008 monetary emergency moderately sound, an accomplishment due to a limited extent to theseNarasimham Committees.[2] Contents [hide] * 1 Background * 2 Recommendations of the Committee * 2.1 Autonomy in Banking * 2.2 Reform in the job of RBI * 2.3 Stronger financial framework * 2.4 Non-performing resources * 2.5 Capital sufficiency and fixing of provisioning standards * 2.6 Entry of Foreign Banks * 3 Implementation of proposals * 4 Criticism Foundation During the times of the 60s and the 70s, India nationalized the greater part of its banks. This finished with the parity of installments emergency of the Indian economy where India needed to transport gold toInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) to advance cash to meet its money related commitments. This occasion raised doubt about the past financial arrangements of India and set off the time of monetary progression in India in 1991. Given that rigidities and shortcomings had made genuine advances into the Indian financial framework by the late 1980s, the Government of India (GOI), post-emergency, found a way to rebuild the country’s money related framework. (Some case that these changes were impacted by the IMF and the World Bank as a component of their advance restriction to India in 1991).[3] The financial part, taking care of 80% of the progression of cash in the economy, required genuine changes to make it globally respectable, quicken the pace of changes and form it into a p roductive attendant of a proficient, energetic and serious economy by enough supporting the country’s money related needs.[4] In the light of these necessities, two master Committees were set up in 1990s under the chairmanship of M. Narasimham (an ex-RBI (Reserve Bank of India) representative) which are generally credited for leading the money related area change in India.[3] The first Narasimhan (Committee on the Financial System †CFS) was designated by Manmohan Singh as India’s Finance Minister on 14 August 1991,[1][5] and the subsequent one (Committee on Banking Sector Reforms)[6] was delegated by P.Chidambaram[7] as Finance Minister in December 1997.[8] Subsequently, the first broadly came to be known as the Narasimham Committee-I (1991)and the second one as Narasimham-II Committee(1998).[9][10] This article is about the suggestions of the Second Narasimham Committee, the Committee on Banking Sector Reforms. The motivation behind the Narasimham-I Committee was to concentrate all angles identifying with the structure, association, capacities and methods of the budgetary frameworks and to suggest enhancements in their proficiency and profitability. The Committee presented its report to the Finance Minister in November 1991 which was postponed in Parliament on 17 December 1991.[6] The Narasimham-II Committee was entrusted with the advancement audit of the execution of the financial changes since 1992 with the point of further reinforcing the money related establishments of India.[4]It focussed on issues like size of banks and capital ampleness proportion among other things.[9] M. Narasimham, Chairman, presented the report of the Committee on Banking Sector Reforms (Committee-II) to the Finance Minister Yashwant Sinha in April 1998.[4][9] Proposals of the Committee The 1998 report of the Committee to the GOI made the accompanying significant proposals: Self-governance in Banking More prominent self-governance was proposed for the open division banks with the goal for them to work with proportionate polished methodology as their global counterparts.[11] For this the board suggested that enrollment techniques, preparing and compensation arrangements of open area banks be aligned with the best-advertise practices of expert bank management.[4][6] Secondly, the council suggested GOI value in nationalized banks be diminished to 33% for expanded autonomy.[4][12][13] It likewise suggested the RBI give up its seats on the top managerial staff of these banks. The advisory group additionally included that given that the administration candidates to the leading body of banks are regularly individuals from parliament, government officials, administrators, and so forth., they frequently meddle in the everyday activities of the bank as the command lending.[4] As such the advisory group suggested an audit of elements of banks sheets so as to make them answerable for improving investor esteem through detailing of corporate methodology and decrease of government equity.[11] To actualize this, rules for self-governing status was distinguished by March 1999 (among other usage measures) and 17 banks were viewed as qualified for autonomy.[14] But a few proposals like decrease in Government’s value to 33%,[13][15] the issue of more noteworthy demonstrable skill and freedom of the top managerial staff of open division banks is as yet anticipating Government finish and implementation.[16] Change in the job of RBI In the first place, the board suggested that the RBI pull back from the 91-day treasury charges advertise and that interbank call cash and term currency markets be confined to banks and essential dealers.[6][14] Second, the Committee proposed an isolation of the jobs of RBI as a controller of banks and proprietor of bank.[17] It saw that â€Å"The Reserve Bank as a controller of the fiscal framework ought not be the proprietor of a bank taking into account a potential clash of interest†. Thusly, it featured that RBI’s job of compelling management was not satisfactory and needed it to strip its possessions in banks and budgetary establishments. Compliant with the suggestions, the RBI presented a Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) worked through repo and converse repos so as to set a hallway for currency showcase financing costs. In the first place, in April 1999, an Interim Liquidity Adjustment Facility (ILAF) was presented pending further upgradation in innovation and legitimate/procedural changes to encourage electronic transfer.[18]As for the subsequent suggestion, the RBI chose to move its individual shareholdings of open banks like State Bank of India (SBI), National Housing Bank (NHB) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD) to GOI. In this manner, in 2007-08, GOI chose to procure whole stake of RBI in SBI, NHB and NABARD. Of these, the terms of offer for SBI were finished in 2007-08 itself.[19] More grounded financial framework The Committee suggested for merger of enormous Indian banks to make them sufficient for supporting global trade.[11] It suggested a three level financial structure in India through foundation of three huge manages an account with worldwide nearness, eight to ten national banks and countless local and neighborhood banks.[4][9][11] This proposition had been seriously scrutinized by the RBI representatives union.[20] The Committee prescribed the utilization of mergers to fabricate the size and quality of activities for each bank.[12] However, it forewarned that huge banks ought to combine just with banks of equal size and not with more fragile banks, which ought to be shut down if unfit to renew themselves.[6] Given the huge level of non-performing resources for more vulnerable banks, some as high as 20% of their all out resources, the idea of â€Å"narrow banking† was proposed to aid their rehabilitation.[11] There were a series of mergers in banks of India during the late 90s a nd mid 2000s, empowered unequivocally by the Government of India|GOI in accordance with the Committee’s recommendations.[21]However, the suggested level of solidification is as yet anticipating adequate government impetus.[16] Non-performing resources Non-performing resources had been the single biggest reason for disturbance of the financial area of India.[4] Earlier the Narasimham Committee-I had comprehensively inferred that the principle explanation behind the diminished benefit of the business banks in India was the need segment loaning. The panel had featured that ‘priority part lending’ was prompting the development of non-performing resources of the banks and in this way it prescribed it to be staged out.[10] Subsequently, the Narasimham Committee-II additionally featured the requirement for ‘zero’ non-performing resources for every Indian keep money with International presence.[10] The 1998 report additionally accused poor credit choices, command loaning and recurrent monetary variables among different purposes behind the development of the non-performing resources of these banks to awkwardly elevated levels. The Committee suggested production of Asset Reconstruction Funds or Asset Reconstruction Companies to assume control over the terrible obligations of banks, permitting them to begin a clean-slate.[4][22][23] The choice of recapitalization through budgetary arrangements was precluded. Generally the panel needed a legitimate framework to distinguish and characterize NPAs,[6] NPAs to be brought down to 3% by 2002[4] and for a free advance audit meachnism for improved administration of advance portfolios.[6] The committee’s suggestions let to presentation of another enactment which was subse

Shortfin Mako Shark essays

Shortfin Mako Shark articles The shortfin mako shark is the quickest fish on the planet. It is equipped for accomplishing paces of up to 60 mph. Its dull red iron-rich muscles on the sharks body and particularly on the tail empower the shark to swim at these velocities. The speed of the mako influences its physical attributes, its dietary patterns, and its predators. The normal size of the shortfin mako shark is from 10 to 12 feet furthermore, the biggest size at any point recorded was 18 feet. This fish weighs about 1,000 pounds. Its enormous substantial conico-round and hollow formed body is hued so that it mixes into the openwater condition making them imperceptible to prey. Its back is a dark blue dim and its underparts are snow white. The nose of this shark is obtusely pointed; this encourages the shark to speed through the water. Its first dorsal blade, which is short beginnings behind the pectoral blades. This is unordinary contrasted with different sharks in the mako sharks family. The butt-centric blade is minuscule contrasted with the dorsal blade. The mako has long gill cuts and solid caudal keels. The upper and lower flaps of the caudal blade are of practically equivalent length. The mako has huge eyes and is thought of one of the most lovely regular sharks. The mako shark is discovered worldwide in calm and tropical oceans. It is found from the Gulf of Maine to the equator and is most thickly populated in the Gulf of Mexico. These sharks are pelagic, however they are once in a while discovered inshore. They relocate occasionally around 1,550 miles. In the late spring, mako sharks stay moderately near the shore, around 20 miles out. In the winter they relocate into significantly more profound waters. They do this with the goal that they can be in water The Isurus oxyrinchus has a multi year multiplication cycle. In spite of the fact that couple of have been seen mating, researchers accept that the male makos assault the females and power them to mate. They accept this ... <!

The History of Banking in the United States Research Paper

The History of Banking in the United States - Research Paper Example At its center, a bank, regardless of at what place in history or where it is found, does likewise: it manages taking in, recording, and giving out cash. It is amusing to take note of that, upon the festival of the United States of America picking up their autonomy from England, there was no bank in presence in the previous settlements. As settlements of England, they had fallen under the Bank of England, and utilized the British types of cash, as their legitimate delicate (Rothbard 47). Undeniably increasingly normal, in any case, was exchange the type of bargain of things, for example, beaver hide and wampum, just as tobacco and rice (Rothbard 48). Called â€Å"commodity money†, it served the requirements of the pioneers during exchange with one another, particularly in peripheral provincial regions; be that as it may, a genuine legitimate delicate was required, it was discovered, when exchanging urban areas or in a remote market with different nations. Hence the recently framed states had to acquire cash from different nations to go about as their own money; in a little while, Spanish doubloons contended nearby French, Portu guese, and Brazilian coins for delicate (Rothbard 49). This debate was explained when, in 1781, the Bank of North America was established by Roger Morris in Philadelphia (Foster 176). As the principal bank set up on the new soil, its essential point was to back the American Revolution, just as streamline the utilization of money. Its essential point was to do this by utilizing the cash that it was paid by contributors as advances to other people, regularly at a few times the measure of money close by (Foster 176). It succeeded splendidly in the two territories, making credits to the legislature as well as private residents, and was immediately trailed by more banks. To avoid the spotlight of the seething discussion of whether Congress had the force, under the Articles of Confederation, it secured a contract from the State of Pennsylvania, which was constantly restored until the bank entered the national financial framework (Foster 178). This bank was immediately trailed by different banks, including the Bank of Massachusetts, built up in 1784, the Bank of New York, likewise established in 1784, and the Bank of the Manhattan Company, established by Aaron Burr under the camouflage of an organization that was to flexibly unadulterated water to New York City (Foster 179). While the entirety of this was going on, a discussion was seething in the new Congress. Alexander Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, required a national bank, expressing it was expected to deal with the administration cash and to manage the credit of the country (Johnson 7). Thomas Jefferson contended that there was no arrangement for a national bank in the U.S. Constitution, in this way it was not inside the intensity of Congress to make one (Johnson 7). Hamilton, after protracted conversations on the way that the new government had made financial powers previously, and in this manner owed it to the individuals to practice some authority over them, won the contention and the First Bank of the United States was

Whole Foods: a Whole-Istic Strategy

1. Characterize Whole foods’ â€Å"product†. How can it convey an incentive to clients? The Whole Foods Market chain was the main retailer in the United States offering items to its clients that are characteristic (developed without being treated with development hormones or anti-toxins) and ’certified organic’. The result of Whole Foods are natural, regular and gourmet nourishments, considering the earth as a significant factor, and creation of the earth the main goal. hey’re not an organization selling modest items but rather they’re an organization offering quality and wellbeing to their clients. They’re not offering significance to businnes, however to quality and fulfill their clients. Entire nourishments isn't just dealing with their clients yet in addition of the earth and of our oplanet. Entire nourishments convey an incentive to their clients by selling the best regular and natural items accessible, fulfilling and pleasing their clients, supporting colleague satisfaction and greatness, making riches through benefits and development, thinking about networks and the earth, making progressing win-win organizations with their providers and advancing the wellbeing of their partners through smart dieting instruction. 2. Natural food are getting well known. Numerous chains, including Wal-Mart, have started offering and expading their determination of organics. Does this represent a serious risk to Whole Foods? Wal-Mart speak to a major risk to the Whole Foods stores, since it is beginning to offer natural items at lower costs and if customers begin to see this in Wal-bazaar they’re going to begin purchasing in there, yet now in the USA all Products sold as â€Å"Organic† should now meet the prerequisites of the USDA Organic Rule, and each item most under a number show how natural is their item, that could be a bit of leeway for Whole Foods since it can show that the quality meet the costs that they have, and for Wal-Mart could be somewhat hard to have such quality item at such a low cost. . As for Whole Foods’ focusing on and situating systems, what difficulties will the organization face later on as it keeps on developing and grow? As it develops and grow it’s hard to the market of natural food to keep these interest the extent that it has Whole-Foods, it is additionally extremely hard to fulfill the desires for all the clients utilizing such an excellent level in every one of the items. For top notch items it is improtant to takle care of each thing that comes out to the market, and it is so costly for Whole Foods to do that so it will decrease quality. It is additionally essential to realize that Whole Foods livelihoods are straightening and overall gain is diving. Furthermore, this is all going to make an obligation for Whole nourishments and making such costly items, they most slice expenses to make the organization increasingly proffitable. 4. In certain spots, Whole Foods is normally known as â€Å"Whole Paycheck† While the firm has obviously situated itself away from estimating issues, would it be able to dodge this component of the advertising blend until the end of time? Why or why not? It can keep away from them by giving lower costs to their clients, however it’s troublesome on the grounds that they’re offering natural quality items, which in nations like the United States are over the top expensive to bear. It is exceptionally hard to beat this circumstance however Whole Foods is doing admirably by offering more limits, expanding lower-estimated store brands, publicizing items they sell at a decent worth and sorting out financial plan centered store visits. This could be a significant move for Whole Foods to make another picture of their market. . What different patterns later on for retailing do you think will affect Whole Foods? The economy have it cycles yet in the other hand it gives a few patterns like it’s individuals dealing with their wellbeing, there is many individuals with their mindfulness and their awareness and how way of life assumes into the job of wellbeing. There’s a million of individuals acknowledging they need impe rativeness in their lives. What's more, these are large patterns. These are shifts that individuals are not going to return from.

How to Write on Paper

How to Write on PaperYou have decided to start a new job and you need to know how to write on paper. It will be your first time writing for the first time. Writing on paper is the best way to go as it will not get you stressed out while writing.To begin, you should think about what you want to write and where you want it to go. Write everything down as soon as possible. What about a list of your goals? This will help you in sticking to your list and going beyond it. Put it down where you can easily find it and follow it.Write a plan on how you are going to do it. Have it on paper so that you do not forget anything. Remember, it is your first time. It would be best if you carry the notebook with you everywhere as it is your friend when writing.You must write down everything that you feel is necessary. You cannot be very clear on what you want to write but you can be clear on what you need to write down. Many people leave the work half done and find that they may have to rewrite becaus e they did not know where to start. It is better to start out with the basics and then you can go on to add more to it.When you come to a point when you feel that you are going to have to go back to the editing, do it once you have had a chance to have your writing done. Consider all the things that you wrote down and try to cut down on the sentences that are not necessary. Do not worry too much about spelling and grammar as long as you understand what you are saying. The idea is to be concise and easy to read.You should also ask yourself a question: do you understand how you are going to say what you want to say in this way? While writing, you may find it difficult to catch a thought. Write down anything that is troubling you. This will not get you a job, but it can help you in smoothing out any problems later on. In fact, it may also help you when you feel that you are not clear and you do not want to have to deal with your writing again.Put the pen down first then put paper over it. Do not write on both sides of the paper as it may cause too much of a disturbance. Use as much paper as you can. You may even consider using a white sheet or an old school note pad. This will help you cut down on time.The next thing to do is to let your writing flow from one page to another. Use the tips given above. It may take some time to learn how to write on paper, but the end result will be worth it. It will make your job easier and you will be satisfied with the final product.

The Effects of Regular Exercise on Depression - Free Essay Example

Hypothesis: The elevated levels of endorphins released during exercise make it an effective treatment for depression. My Initial Hypothesis When people hear the word fitness, they generally think of physical strength and endurance. When it comes down to it, the fitness lifestyle is all about the overall health of a person, not just physical resilience, strength, and endurance. That is why fitness is a lifestyle, not just a sporadic schedule of trips to the track or gym. While a somewhat irregular workout schedule can produce some results physically, it will not produce any significant change to ones physical state and most importantly will not result in a person receiving the full fitness experience, including its mental benefits. I myself once believed that fitness was only a physical matter, and so I only pursued the physical side of fitness in the form of running and lifting. I was not aware that fitness was about more than that. I was also not aware of the fact that while I was only pursuing the physical side of fitness, it was affecting my mind as well. After spending more time in the fitness community, I noticed that everyone I met who was serious about fitness was very easygoing, nice, relaxed in nature, and simply overall less noticeably depressed than any other group of people that I associate with. I eventually began to wonder whether this had anything to do with the physical activity itself causing people to behave this way, and if so could it help some of my other friends with depression. Physical performance is always affected by a persons mental state, so it seems very plausible that things could work the other way around as well, that a persons mental state may be affected by their physical performance since there is obviously a connection between body and mind. The Empirical Evidence There are several things that happen to the human brain as a result of exercise. Exercise balances the levels of several endorphins in the brain, as well as increasing the production of BDNF (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor), which helps build and maintain the infrastructure of the brain (Noble 2016). The balancing of endorphins in the brain can improve a persons mood and behavior. According to the Australian Institute of Fitness, the endorphins affected are serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Together, these endorphins are responsible for influencing things such as mood, attention, motivation, arousal, and feelings of wellbeing (Noble 2016). This means that the person who exercised will experience an increase in happiness, motivation, and self esteem as a result. Put together the fact that my fitness friends are all significantly less noticeably depressed than some of my other friends and the fact that exercise often results in increased happiness, motivation, and self-esteem, it seems as if there is a connection. To be sure, the factors that result in and affect depression itself need to be examined. According to NAMI (National Association on Mental Illness), depression is caused by a wide range of things, which vary from case to case. The most commonly known cause is a chemical imbalance in the brain, though this cause is apparently given more credit than it deserves. Recent studies now show that depression may be related to genetically passed traits or cell growth and brain connections as well, meaning that no one treatment works for every case, as the causes of depression vary from case to case (Roberts 2014). In an interview with therapist Dr. Lagro, I learned that there is also a correlation between depression and vitamin deficiencies. Considering that many forms of fitness take place outside, fitness could provide someone with time in the sun, which could potentially help with a vitamin D deficiency. It is common knowledge that regular exercise over a long period of time will produce changes in appearance and performance. These changes may increase the self esteem of someone with depression, which is often lowered as a result of depression (Laskowski 2017) Such changes apply to any form of exercising, from running and walking to lifting weights. My Current Opinion My hypothesis was supported. After examining the empirical evidence related to fitness and depression, I believe that regular exercise can be an effective treatment for depression. In my hypothesis I stated that regular exercise could make an effective treatment for depression due to the endorphins released, which is true, but I found exercise to have more benefits which could positively affect a persons depression. These benefits include the chance to lower a vitamin D deficiency do to time in the sun, and heightened self esteem caused by changes in physical appearance and performance as a result of regular exercise over a period of time. These benefits would effectively treat cases of depression where self-esteem and self-image issues are a factor, as well as cases where a vitamin D deficiency is evident. Unfortunately, while exercise could affectively treat depression related to endorphin imbalances, vitamin D deficiencies, and self esteem issues, those are only a few causes and supporting factors of depressi on (Roberts 2014). Due to this, regular exercise as a treatment would only be effective in some cases of depression, as others may require a treatment that is not remotely similar. Despite this limitation, it is still an option to be explored.

Steve Jobs Essay - 4 Is Study - 1513 Words

Nathan Girard 9/27/2011 Is Steve Jobs a Leader or a Manager? John Sculley former CEO of both PepsiCo amp; Apple states that the differences between leadership and management is; â€Å"Leadership is often confused with other things, specifically management. Management requires an entirely different set of skills. As Sculley sees it, leadership revolves around vision, ideas, direction, and has more to with inspiring people as to direction and goals than with day-to-day implementation†¦One can’t lead unless he can leverage more than his own capabilities†¦ You have to be capable of inspiring other people to do things without actually sitting on top of them with a checklist-which is what management is and not leadership. There s no doubt†¦show more content†¦We do it ourselves and we spend a lot of time at it. I ve participated in the hiring of maybe 5,000-plus people in my life. So I take it very seriously. You can t know enough in a one-hour interview. So, in the end, it s ultimately based on your gut. How do I feel about this person? What are they like when they re challenged? Why are they here? I ask everybody that: Why are you here? The answers themselves are not what you re looking for. It s the meta-data. No less an authority than Jack Welch has called Jobs the most successful CEO today. Jobs, at age 53, has even become a global cultural guru, shaping what entertainment we watch, how we listen to music, and what sort of objects we use to work and play. He has changed the game for entire industries. Jobs is also among the most controversial figures in business. He oozes smug superiority, lacing his public comments with ridicule of Apple s rivals, which he casts as mediocre, evil, and - worst of all - lacking taste. No CEO is more willful, or more brazen, at making his own rules, in ways both good and bad. No CEO is more personally identified with - and controlling of - the day-to-day affairs of his business. 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Definition of Relief in Geography

In geography, a locations relief is the difference between its highest and lowest elevations. For example,  with both mountains and valleys in the area, the local relief of Yosemite National Park is impressive. A two-dimensional relief map displays the topography of a given area. Physical relief maps actually have raised areas that represent different elevations. (You may have seen them in school.) However, if youre going for a hike, theyre not very practical to carry in your pocket. Flat Maps Flat maps represent relief in a variety of ways.  On older flat maps, you may see areas with lines of various thickness to represent variations in the steepness of locations. With this technique, known as  hachuring, the thicker the lines, the steeper the area. As mapmaking evolved, hachuring was replaced by shaded areas that represented variations in the steepness of the land. These types of maps may also show altitude notations at various locations on the map to give viewers some context. Differences in elevation on flat maps can also also be represented using different colors—usually lighter to darker for ascending elevations, with the darkest areas being the farthest above sea level. The drawback with this method is that contours in the land dont show up. Reading Topographic Maps Topographic maps, which also are types of flat maps, use contour lines to represent elevation. These lines connect points that are at the same level, so you know that when you travel from one line to another, you are either going up or down in elevation. The lines also have numbers on them, specifying which elevation is represented by the points connected by that line. The lines maintain a consistent interval between them—such as 100 feet or 50 meters—which will be noted in the maps legend. As the lines get closer together, the land becomes steeper. If the numbers become lower as you move toward the center of an area, they represent the site of a depression and have hash marks on them to distinguish them from hills. Common Uses for Topographic Maps Youll find topographic maps in sporting goods stores or online sites that cater to outdoor enthusiasts. Since topographic maps also display water depths, locations of rapids, waterfalls, dams, boat ramp access points, intermittent streams, wooded marshes and swamps, sand vs. gravel beaches, sandbars, seawalls, breakwaters, dangerous rocks, levees, and mangroves, they are extremely useful to campers, hikers, hunters, and anyone going fishing, rafting, or boating. Topographic maps also show aboveground and buried pipelines, as well as utility and telephone poles, caves, covered reservoirs, cemeteries, mine shafts, open-pit mines, campgrounds, ranger stations, winter recreation areas, and dirt roads that likely wont appear on your basic roadmap. While topography refers to land, a chart that shows the varying depths of water is called  a bathymetric  chart  or  map. In addition to showing depths with lines as on a topographic map, these types of charts may also show differences in depths via color-coding.  Surfers might review bathymetric charts of beaches in order to locate places where waves are likely to break bigger than in other areas (a steep ascent in proximity to a beach means larger waves).

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Descriptive Essay Brand Wagon - 1589 Words

Kyleigh Yow Dr. Berberyan English 101.10 11 September 2017 Brand Wagon Walking down the hallways at school or down the streets of town, one has no trouble spotting brands such as Coach, American Eagle, and sometimes even Supreme or Yeezy. Brands like these can be seen everywhere! They may be depicted on the cover of a magazine or worn by famous idols. Just as frequently these images are plastered all over social media. Indulging in the lavish things are a regular among humans. Everyone wants to treat themselves - to be â€Å"with-it†. People take double shifts and wait in ridiculously long lines for these new cool items. As soon as they are available online stores sell out – such as the case with Yeezy’s which are virtually impossible to†¦show more content†¦In America, as well as an abundance of other countries, people are very understandably concerned with appearance. In today’s time, being critiqued based off appearance at a job interview, by a potential mate, or even by the friends one has is sad ly not a foreign ordeal. In a fairly abrasive article written by Hadley Freeman, from The Guardian, Freeman explains in short that folks wear brand names for three reasons: they are flaunting their feathers, they do not realize they are being used as a form of brand advertisement, and they are paying solely for the label (Freeman 1-3). As far as appearance is concerned, Freeman raises some exceptional points on the topic. A brand becomes a status symbol in the eyes of many. In such a judgmental society, many will do whatever they can to get a â€Å"leg-up†. Flaunting a logo can symbolically exert wealth and prestige and people will view this brand and advertisement as such. Truth be known, when Freeman mentioned that people only payed for the logo of brand names, she was correct. Elisabeth Leamy, from ABC News, sheds some light on the true difference in quality from many varied brands. While some brands were a slightly higher quality than their cheaper counterpart, many were not (Leamy 11). The main difference found between one ninety-five dollar t-shirt and the equivalent seven dollar t-shirt from a cheaper brand was the name on the label. The more expensiveShow MoreRelated4ps Marketing8709 Words   |  35 PagesChapter 10: Crafting the Brand Positioning GENERAL CONCEPT QUESTIONS Multiple Choice 1. As part of the strategic brand management process, each company and offering must represent a distinctive ________ in the mind of the target market. a. promotion b. cell c. big idea d. ad e. organizational concept Answer: c Page: 309 Level of difficulty: Medium 2. All marketing strategy is built on STP—segmentation, targeting, and ________. a. positioning b. product Read MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesprobable good consequences of each action and the probable bad consequences while weighing the positive and negative impact of each consequence. It’s a kind of cost-benefit analysis. Exercises 1. Columbus Day is an American holiday. Write a short essay that weighs the pros and cons and then comes to a decision about whether there should be more or less public celebration (by Americans and their institutions) on Columbus Day, October 12. Here is some relevant background information to reduce yourRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesPHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesthe jobs. During the interview the individuals are also asked about their thoughts and feelings during each of the described events. 4. Using the behavioral events, the facilitator develops detailed descriptions of each of the competencies. This descriptive phase provides clarity and specifics so that employees, supervisors, managers, and others in the organization have a clearer understanding of the competencies associated with jobs. 5. The competencies are rated and levels needed to meet them are

The Are You Born - 760 Words

1.Where were you born? I was in the United States of America in Gary, Indiana. I was born in the United State of America in Gary, Indiana. My grandparents were born in United States of America in Gary Indiana. 2.What is your ethnic affiliation and how strong is your ethnic identity? My ethnic affiliation is African American. My ethnic identiy is very strong ethnicity and we as African American stays together. We have many outings in which we stick together such as family reunion, parties, and always pray together. In family reunion, we does many dance routines such as Cha Cha Slide, D-low shuffle, Juke Slide, and eltrectic slide. In parties, we celebrate in tradition to our ethnicities is every 1st birthday, 16th Birthday, 18th Birthday, 21st Birthday, 25th birthday, and the 50th birthday which is the golden birthday. Within the birthdays and family reunions we celebrate, we always praise God and thank him every time we celebrate. 3.Who are your major support people: family members, friends? My major support people are my family members. My family members support every decisions that I made throughout my life even if they did not agree with it. My family is the only one I can count on with supporting me especially my mother. My mother always know what best for me and always tell me pray about it. I live in ethnic community which is pronioity African American. 4.How does your culture affect decisions regarding medical treatment? My culture affect decisions regardingShow MoreRelatedLeadership Is Not A Skill That You Are Born With886 Words   |  4 Pages1. Leadership is not a skill that you are born with. It is created by one’s life experiences and influences from others around them. We learn from both the good and bad examples that are presented to us in our lives from the earliest of our years. When I was a three year non-rate reporting to my new duty station the USCGC Hatchet in Galveston Texas, my expectations were that it was going to be a hard job. What I did not expect was that I was about to learn how not to be a leader from my BoatswainsRead MoreThe Odds Of You Being Born As You Are Slim1390 Words   |  6 PagesThe odds of you being born as you are slim to none. Each person is an evolutionary miracle. Our ancestors had to overcome the odds against them in order to survive. Each couple in our ancestry line had to meet at a perfect moment in time, seduce each other, and mate in order for you to be here today. It’s no question that life is competitive especially when it comes to finding a mate. Like all species, the most attractive are the most successful, so it makes sense that jealousy might rear its uglyRead MoreLeadership Is Not A Skill That You Are Born With884 Words   |  4 PagesLeadership is not a skill that you are born with. 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In this novel it is seen that racism is taught it isRead MoreFamily Is Transformative. As An Individual You Are Born1928 Words   |  8 Pages Family is transformative. As an individual you are born into a group of people that will care and look out for you, if that happens to be your case. If not, your family will be a person or a group of people that claim to know you since birth therefore they are family. Whatever the case might be in regards to your upbringing, this family of yours is the defining factor within your life. When born, weâ₠¬â„¢re abruptly brought into a group of people with set ideas and ways of thinking. As a childRead MoreWhen You Are Born a Hermaphrodite Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesof being born with both sex organs has existed for a long time. In past years, these individuals that were born with both sexes lived normal lives until science started evolving and deciding upon what is socially acceptable and what is not. Not long ago did such condition became known to the public by scientists who were trying to determine sexual identities. As medicine gradually became more modern, surgical procedures began to determine the sexuality of many individuals who were born with bothRead MoreLeaders Are Born, And You Can Not Develop A Leader1180 Words   |  5 Pagestage of True Leaders. What Is Leadership If you get a number of people together, you get many different views and comments. Often you hear that Leaders are born, and you can not develop a leader. I believe this is a major fallacy in the thought process of developing a leader. The military and to a lesser extent businesses have been developing leaders for years. I like the definition that I learned in the U.S. Army over 30 years ago, it has been updated, but their definition of leadership is:Read MoreHow Leadership Is Not Something You Are Born With Nor1594 Words   |  7 PagesWe’ve learned that leadership is not something you are born with nor is it something that is found in one’s personality, leadership can be learned but effective leadership comes not only from how a person lead but why they lead. In this course we’ve discussed Jesus’ leadership skills many times, we’ve discussed how his personality drew people in and how is behavior was unlike any leader at the time, which probably m ade his leading so appealing, but another aspect of his leadership was his mind andRead MoreWhy Leaders Are Not Born? What Is Problematic For You Personally?853 Words   |  4 Pagesoutcomes. What has worked? What is problematic for you personally? As I am paving my career path for a higher responsibility in the future, I have come to a realization that a higher education is the key to a better tomorrow. I believe that leaders are not born, they are made. Leaders are those that truly understand themselves and understand the various elements of human nature. Communication is the most telling trait of an effective leader; if a leader can empower followers to clearly understandRead MoreEssay on Entrepreneurs Are Born Not Made - What Do You Think?806 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"ENTREPRENEURS ARE BORN, NOT MADE† What do you think? When we talk or debate about if the entrepreneurs are born or made, we need to think about what makes an entrepreneur, what are his objectives as an owner of a business, what should be his main skills and what kind of challenges and tasks he needs to face when running out a company. The word entrepreneur, originally from the French verb â€Å"entreprend†, means â€Å"to undertake†. An entrepreneur is the person who undertakes a business. He is someone

Piracy Essay Example For Students

Piracy Essay What is PiracyThe term software piracy covers different activities: illegal copying of programs, counterfeiting and distributing software even sharing a program with a friend. Its important to understand the different software piracy channels, not just to comply with the law but also to protect against bigger economic problems like lost revenueand lost jobs. OEMs and ResellersJust because the disk says Microsoft or the software came preloaded on your PC, doesnt guarantee its legal. Learn how pirated software is distributed. Copying and CounterfeitingIt starts with one legitimate, licensed copy of the software, then escalates from there. We will write a custom essay on Piracy specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Internet PiracyThe sale of software over Web sites and Auction sites is common and easy, making the Internet the perfect vehicle for counterfeiters. Learn how to protect yourself now. How Piracy Impacts YouPirated software hurts everyonefrom the software developers, retail storeowners, and ultimately all software users. Consumers are at RiskPirated software directly impacts consumers because: It often lacks key elements and documentation, and it always carries no warranty protection or upgrade options. These untested, counterfeit discs may be infected with viruses that will damage your hard drive and may cripple your entire network. If they copy software at work, users put themselves and their company at risk by pirating a product protected by copyright laws. Economic LossesWhen you purchase counterfeit software, youre supporting disreputable companies, not tax-paying, legitimate businesses that provide jobs and salaries to good citizens. The profits from these sales of counterfeit software dont help expand the economy by providing jobs, taxes, and wages, and there is a good chance the profits are funding additional illegitimate businesses. Legitimate companies never receive any funds from the sale of counterfeit software, and frequently this loss of revenue leads to layoffs for workers in all related industries, from manufacturers to resellers. So, as you can see, purchasing counterfeit software doesnt only impact software manufacturers, it impacts everyone. Innovation is SlowedIntellectual property is the ownership of ideas as well as the control over the tangible or virtual representation of those ideas. Software is intellectual property, as are books, movies, and music.Like music performers and authors, software developers use copyright laws to protect their work and their investment in the field. The theft of intellectual property thus eliminates the resources used to develop newer and better products. Taking ActionIn an effort to level the playing field for honest resellers, Microsoft is taking legal actions against repeat offenders. Microsofts Anti-Piracy Business Desk is a program designed to assist resellers who believe that they have lost a significant amount of business as a result of competitors selling counterfeit software.Consumers can take action by educating themselves on the different forms of piracy and reporting suspected software piracy offenders. Did you know A study commissioned by the Business Software Alliance in 2000 found that 24 percent of the business software applications installed on PCs in the U.S. were pirated. In 2000, 118,000 people lost their jobs and $5.7 billion in wages were lost due to software piracy. If piracy were eliminated in the U.S. and reduced abroad, it is estimated that the industry would produce an additional 1 million jobs by 2005 and contribute $25 billion in tax revenues. Regions of the US with the lowest population density tend to have the highest piracy rates. The Pacific states in the US experienced the highest retail dollar loss $2.1 billion in 2000 alone. What is Piracy Copying and CounterfeitingTwo of the most common forms of software piracy areEnd-User Copying: friends loaning disks to each other, or organizations underreporting the number of software installations they have made. Counterfeiting: large scale duplication and distribution of illegally copied software. .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .postImageUrl , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:hover , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:visited , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:active { border:0!important; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:active , .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u37f716dfc6a601a4e03042c7496d837c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Child Abuse EssaySharing software with friends seems like no big deal, and theres no way it has anything to do with large-scale counterfeiting operations, right? Wrong. Both activities violate copyright laws and put the software users, including you, at considerable risk. End-User CopyingSimple unlicensed copying by individuals and businesses is one of the most common types of software piracy. End-user copying also includes:Installing software on more company computers than you have licenses for Informal disk swapping among friends and associates All of these activities are illegal and put users at risk because they do not have the license to use the software. CounterfeitingCounterfeiting is the large-scale illegal duplication and distribution of software. Many counterfeiting groups are linked to organized crimeand they counterfeit and package the software using sophisticated techniques. The packaged software is then sold as imitation legitimate software. When produced at large volumes, counterfeiting is a sophisticated criminal activity. Software piracy has become a link in money laundering schemes that in turn fund and promote weapons smuggling, gambling, extortion, and prostitution.As the technology used by counterfeiters advances, even sophisticated consumers are often unable to distinguish legitimate software from counterfeit. The rising popularity of shopping on the Internet has increased the potential for deception since you cant see the product in person until it arrives at your doorstepif it arrives at all. Dont be fooledCounterfeiters often attract customers with extremely low price offerings. What you wont find mentioned in their marketing literature, however, are the risks they pass on to consumers. If the price seems too good to be true, it probably is. Consumers who acquire counterfeit software get:Untested software that may have been copied thousands of times over, potentially containing hard-drive-infecting viruses No technical support No warranty protection No legal right to use the productAll for an unbelievable price. Counterfeit software can so closely resemble genuine software that even resellers have been duped into buying and distributing it to their customers. By educating yourself with the built-in security features of Microsoft software, you can protect your software investmentand your computer system.For photos and additional information, see the Microsoft How To Tell Web site and the Piracy Software Management Guide. Counterfeiting FactsSoftware counterfeiting threatens the ability of the industry to maintain its significant contribution to the U.S. economy. According to a 2000 software piracy study by International Planning ; Research Corp., software piracy resulted in the loss of 118,026 jobs in the United States, nearly $1.6 billion in tax revenues and $5.6 billion in wages. In the year ending June 2001, nearly 2.7 million units of counterfeit Microsoft software and hardware were seized worldwide, with an estimated retail value of over $781 millionthe result of dozens of legal actions worldwide. The largest seizure of Microsoft software to date occurred on November 9, 2001 when over $60 million in software was seized. In the 18-month undercover investigation run by the Customs Service, Microsoft investigators worked with the Southern California High Tech Task Force, to interrupt a major counterfeit software distribution pipeline that moved containers of counterfeit software and other illegal c omponents by ship from Taiwan through the Port of Los AngelesWords/ Pages : 1,147 / 24

Strategic Business Management Brand Name and Awareness

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Business Management for Brand Name and Awareness. Answer: The CEO Will Dean of the company Tough Mudder has outlined a long term strategy for the company in which the CEO wants to take the brand awareness and brand name of the company Tough Mudder to level where it becomes a household. This commonly refers to establishing the brand name as the most popular and the most challenging of all in the endurance athletics business. The promotional endeavor of the company has been observed and what has been gathered from the observed is that the company is keen on promoting its business in almost all kinds of level depending on age groups, professions, and cultural groups (Ansoff, 2009). The obvious example is the Wounded Warriors initiative which the company has undertaken from the year 2010 onwards. This kind of initiative shows that the company is keen on promoting its brand name and business in almost every bit of opportunity they find. Analyzing the companys recent promotional activities such as their collaboration with General Mills and other consumer based goods companies it can be evidently assumed that the company is its very own strategic plan to establish its brand name as an irrefutable entity in the endurance athletics and sports entertainment business. The strategy adopted by the Tough Mudder in the course of promoting their business as the best and the most challenging endurance athletics, has gained a significant amount of success over the years. The reason behind this success that tough Mudder has gained out of their business endeavors is the result of perceptive strategic planning, meticulously planning every event and operations, designing their products charily, and of course through an fanatical pursuit on bringing to the customers and participants an experience which they would not soon forget and would love to come back for more (Dess and Miller, 2003). This led the company to promote a prolific customer retention initiative, which did not only retained a large proportion of its existing customers but also through word of mouth advertisement from these customers it attracted even more customers. This process went on in a chain method and the led the company achieve a massive figure of more than one million participants acr oss the world and generating a substantial amount of five million dollars out of such events. Another important reason behind the success which the company has gained is that the unrelenting response they have given to their customers. The company exclusively focuses on responding to the feedback left by the customers and meticulously following on their endeavors based on the feedback they receive. This endeavor aids the company to a great extent as the particular endeavor develops a kind of sense of trust between the company and its customers, this is as, the customers receive the response from the company they take it as a sign from the company which shows that the company looks after its customers (Dodgson, 2012). This is turn results in heightened customer retention and further results in the success of the strategies the company incorporated in its business undertakings. It is evident that the brand name of Tough Mudder is justified as the company is the best and the most popular name among the sports athletes who crave for challenging endurance athletics. This is largely due to the reason that the company not only organizes endurance athletics events across multiple locations and multiple nations but also encourages the participants to muster their survival instincts. As per the observation made on the case study the company brings to its customers a unique kind of experience which obviously defines the company (Friesl and Kwon, 2016). A company is known for the product or service it specializes in for instance, the name Motorola paints a picture of cell phones in the minds of the people, likewise, when the people hear the name Tough Mudder their instincts tell them the subject would consist of endurance athleticism. Therefore, the sense of identity we know who we are and what we stand for which the company has adopted, fits perfectly to the company s typical nature. This sense of identity of the company also defines the company and perfectly complements the strategies that the company has undertaken in promoting its business. This largely due to the reason that the company has over the past years introduced unique set of strategic planning for the growth of their business like planning their products and events based on customer perspectives, which demonstrates their uniqueness and capability to develop and introduce matchless stratagems which would sustain the brand reputation the company has generated over the years (Godet, 1989). Corporate and competitive strategy distinction A corporate strategy can be essentially defined as the kind of strategy a company adopts for carrying out their business operations. Based on the case study the corporate strategy of Tough Mudders can be said to be the methods that the company implements in their course of accomplishing business goals such as partnering, gathering sponsors, and establishing management structure. In this context the typical companys mission and vision are defined which includes elaborating the point of view of the company the maxim on which the company stands (Wheelen and Hunger, 2008). In comparison, a competitive strategy is typically the strategy which the company incorporates in order to sustain in the concerned business field in comparison to its business rivals. Based on the case study the strategies which Tough Mudder implements to overcome the business challenges put up by its competitors like Spartan races, and Warrior run would be taken into the context of the companys competitive strategy (Hitt, Ireland and Hoskisson, 2009). The competitive strategy is characteristically based on the companys abilities in regards to strengths, weakness, opportunity and threats in comparison to the strengths, weakness, opportunity, and threats its business competitors face. Tough Mudder reaped the idea of becoming a household name over the country and the five-person strategy team has been the strongest link between the management and the key target customer. The primary strategy of this adventure sports company was to make life-changing experience for the participants. In order to achieve the desired target, the company has acquired the best and potential talents who would germinate the same vision and mission like the companys mission. Tough Mudders passion in building a strong identity is reflected from the recruitments made and some of the recruited personnel recruited were from ESPN, Diageo, Bain Company, and London Olympic Committee (Lamb and Hillman, 2015). Tough Mudders success has been dependent on some strong basics that consisted of astute positioning of the brand, cautious product designing, effective brand building, operational planning, and focusing on the quality of customer experiences. Due to presence of strong and competitive rivals like Warrior Run, Spartan Race, it was quite difficult for Tough Mudder to be successful in holding the market lead. Hence, the company emphasized that enhanced market presence, and delivering unique customer experience is necessary so that customers are likely to return repetitively to have their best experience over time (Mullins, 2012). Strategy and tactics The terms strategy and tactics are often taken into the same context however, both the terms have a fine line of difference between the two. A tactics in general is taken into the context of being a method adopted in order to accomplish an objective whereas; strategy consists of the methods which are implemented in accomplishing a greater operation (Jeffs, 2008). For instance, the method implemented by Tough Mudder in gaining success in a particular event can be said to be the tactics and the methods that the company implemented in gaining overall success in its business operations can be taken into the context of strategy. From the beginning, it was clear that Tough Mudder had the intentions of being the market lead, hence, the companys strategy to make a strong team of staffs reflected the companys intensity of reaching the peak within quick succession. The companys gaming strategy was quite different from the games hosted by the other adventure sports company. Apart from being considered as one of the most adventurous sports organizer, the company exemplified its strong operational tactics by getting involved in the sponsorship program of Wounded Warrior project that highlighted the companys commitment towards wounded veterans (Mullins, 2012). Both these response from Tough Mudder made the world witnessed something that had not happened previously, i.e. relying of the companys toughness, the army of the United States of America sponsored eight events hosted by this sports company in 2013. Hence, the companys tactics to look after the injured veterans paid off by the involvement of the Army. Hence, th e sponsorship was a tactics that attracted peoples attention and at the same time, received an official sponsorship for hosting costly sports. The most significant challenge that the company faces is sustaining its leadership in the market. This is primarily due to the challenge its competitors are putting up in the recent years. Overcoming these challenges would require the company to plan out events that would be highly appreciated by the people so that the company is successful in customer retention. In order to do so the company requires hearing out what the customers expect out of them and design better events and even more challenges that would encourage maximum participation (Najmaei, n.d.). It was already highlighted that Tough Mudder got severe competition from the remaining adventure sports organizers, hence, despite of having some strong strategies, it is essential to have some counter strategies to defend the situation. Initially, the company has a competitive edge as it organizes differently adventurous sports, which has been satisfactory for the clients. Now, Tough Mudder needs to move out of the domestic borders and hot the global markets, especially the demand of Adventure sports are the highest (Mullins, 2012). Celebrity endorsement, especially those who have been associated with rough sports like boxing, wrestling could be appointed as ambassadors of the brand to derive additional success. Tough Mudder can also be associated with other sports as sponsors so that viewers or followers of other sports are attracted as well. Tough Mudder is a socially responsible company. It is because the company does not incorporate any unethical or immoral activity in their events. The events that the company designs for its customers are typically based on military training methods of several countries. The company takes meticulous care of any liabilities that occur in the course of the event which further establishes the fact that the company is socially responsible (Subba Rao, 2010). Another advantage that company gains out of this is the competitive advantage over its competitors. For, the company offers challenging events which is of course appreciated by the customers coupled with their socially responsible attitude they do have gained advantage over their competitors. References Ansoff, H. (2009).Strategic management. New York: Wiley. Dess, G. and Miller, A. (2003).Strategic management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Dodgson, M. (2012). The strategic management of RD collaboration.Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 4(3), pp.227-244. Friesl, M. and Kwon, W. (2016). The strategic importance of top management resistance: Extending Alfred D. Chandler.Strategic Organization. Godet, M. (2009). Effective strategic management the prospective approach.Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 1(1), pp.45-56. Hitt, M., Ireland, R. and Hoskisson, R. (2009).Strategic management. Cincinnati: South-Western College Pub. Jeffs, C. (2008).Strategic management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Lamb, M.D. and Hillman, C., 2015. Whiners Go Home Tough Mudder, Conspicuous Consumption, and the Rhetorical Proof of Fitness. Communication sport, 3(1), pp.81-99. Mullins, N., 2012. Obstacle course challenges: History, popularity, performance demands, effective training, and course design. Journal of Exercise Physiology online, 15(2), pp.100-128. Najmaei, A. (n.d.). Strategic Management of Strategic Innovation.SSRN Electronic Journal. Subba Rao, P. (2010).Strategic management. Mumbai [India]: Himalaya Pub. House. Wheelen, T. and Hunger, J. (2008).Strategic management and business policy. Reading, Mass.: Addison-Wesley.

How to Write Essay Samples

How to Write Essay SamplesWhen you are trying to decide how to write an essay, or even if you have already written an essay, it can be overwhelming. The question that is most often asked, as it is with everything, is how do I write a good essay?There are a lot of different methods that you can use in order to help you learn how to write essays samples. While you may find that you still do not know exactly how to write, there are many different tips that you can use to make the task easier.One of the first tips that you can use in order to help you learn how to write an essay is to do your research. This is something that will get you off to a good start when it comes to learning how to write.Researching is something that is very important for students who are learning how to write an essay. By doing this, you will get a better idea of how to write and what you need to look for when choosing an essay sample.When looking for essay samples, you should not only look at writing samples th at you can find online. You should also keep in mind that many of the best writing schools are going to have essays samples that they will give out to students for free.If you want to write a good essay, then you need to start out by looking at samples that you can get for free. By doing this, you will be able to get some practice and to build up your confidence.You should not just look at essay samples that you can find online, but you should also keep in mind that you should also look at writing samples that you can get from a writing school. These will be much more helpful than any essay samples that you can find anywhere else.The best way to learn how to write an essay is to be able to choose how to write samples that you are going to use. By choosing these samples, you will be able to see how your essay is going to flow without having to worry about anything but the content of the essay.

Weber and the Rise of Capitalism

Bio science essays

Bio science essays The body is constituted of different types of cells which unite together to form contrary tissues. Tissues are a group of similar cells and their intercellular substance specialized to perform a specific function; primary tissue types of the body are epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous tissue. Epithelial is pertaining to a primary tissue that covers the body surface, lines its internal cavities, and forms glands. The connective tissue is also a primary tissue; form and function vary extensively. Functions include support, storage and protection(Marieb, E. N., 1998, P.109) Epithelium occurs in the body as (1) covering and lining epithelium and (2) glandular epithelium. Covering and lining epithelium forms the outer layer of the skin, dips into and lines the open cavities of the cardiovascular, digestive, and respiratory systems, and shelters the walls and organs of the closed ventral body cavity. Glandular epithelium customs the glands of the body. Epithelium is broadly disseminated throughout the body; its functions are many and varied to perform specific roles. Its functions include protection, absorption, secretion, filtration, excretion and sensory reception. Protection is covering or lining the body surface both internal and external. Absorption is the process by which products of digestion pass through the alimentary tube mucosa into the blood or lymph (protein-containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels). Secretion is 1. The passage of material formed by a cell to its exterior; 2. Cell product that is transported to the exterior of a cell. Filtration is the passage of a solvent and dissolved substances through a membrane or filter. Excretion involves elimination of waste products from the body. Sensory reception which is dendritic end organs, or parts of other cell types, specialized to respond to a stimulus(Marieb, E.N.1998, p111-116). The classification of epit...

The Role of Critical Period in Second Dialect Acquisition Essay

The Role of Critical Period in Second Dialect Acquisition - Essay Example At the time there had been enough discovery of a number of feral children to support this hypothesis. However, other variables were problematic, as these same children had been neglected, deprived and usually abused. Many were half starved and most had suffered isolation. With all these factors involved it was difficult to limit the variables in order to establish cause and effect. Later, other linguists tried to tie this theory also to second language acquisition with varying contradictory results. Finally, neurobiologists did manage to identify a portion of the brain that seems not to develop if a â€Å"second† language is not acquired by a certain pivotal age, generally coinciding with puberty. However, just what exactly is meant by a second language is not cast in stone. Does Latin qualify? What about children’s code language for play? Do other jargon sets qualify, such as mathematics terminology, psychology vocabulary or academic English? What about a second dialect sufficiently different from the mainstream language? Little or no research has been done with these languages as the â€Å"second language† acquired, so it is still unanswerable. However, it is this researcher’s suggestion that perhaps any sufficiently large complex symbolic system will fill this void. However, in the case of a dialect, if the first language is a di alect of the mainstream language, is there a critical period beyond which it becomes problematic for the learning of the mainstream language? Lenneberg first hypothesized the existence of a critical period for language learning in 1967, and it was supported by the case study of Genie, who had little or no exposure to language until age sixteen. He hypothesized that â€Å"language acquisition is impossible before two due to maturational factors, and after puberty because of the loss of ‘cerebral plasticity’ caused by the completion of the development of cerebral dominance, or lateralized specialization of

Business and Corporate Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business and Corporate Law - Assignment Example In the end, Speedway left themselves open to great liability. Speedway’s promotion entailed bonus air miles being attached to being collected through domestic bookings. The advertisement stated that any†¨customer who collected 50000 miles could redeem them for an online code for the †¨chance to win a great range of prizes, which included items on Speedways services. †¨Further it said that: †¨Ã¢â‚¬ËœReach 50,000 bonus miles and enter the online code for the chance to receive †¨a winning confirmation email to Speedway’s head office and win the grand prize of an all expenses paid round the world holiday. But only for a limited †¨time.’ †¨[100 words]†¨ This is where the company went wrong. They made an offer that they stated ‘any customer who collected 50,000 miles’ could redeem them for an online code for the chance to win a range of prizes—including the possibility of receiving a winning confirmation email to go to Speedway’s head office in order to get an all-expenses paid ‘round the world’ holiday. Speedway should have specified the limited time for which the contest was sponsored. This could have made their job much easier when people came to the Speedway headquarters wanting to claim their prizes. So, Speedway left themselves liable. Jim Smith was surfing the Net when he came across Speedway’s Internet †¨advertisement. Immediately he started booking flights for his next holidays and after †¨collecting the bonus air miles he waited for his email confirmation. While he was †¨waiting he collapses from the excitement at the prospect of winning an all expenses †¨paid round the world trip. He was taken to hospital. †¨[175 words] Speedway is not liable for the fact that Jim collapsed â€Å"in excitement† over the prospect of winning an all-expenses paid trip around the world. Basically, it could be argued that his collapse could have

Philosophy Communication Barriers Essay Example for Free

Philosophy Communication Barriers Essay (a) How does James think of my intending to say something? Does he think of it as a process in consciousness? James argues that our phrasing â€Å"intended to say† is an almost wrong explanation on a subconscious or even psychic thing that it happening within our minds.   The point is that we never consciously form the words in our minds or even draw upon our memory banks to call to mind images of the thing that we mean to say. Instead, it is an unconscious function of the mind that we hear something and choose to respond to it with some form of language. In the event that the language we choose is wrong, we often react with the phrase. â€Å"What I meant to say was†¦Ã¢â‚¬  James argues that this happens when the precognition of our own mind fails to work rapidly enough to anticipate the reaction of the person we are speaking to and choose the proper words to convey to a thought stream to that specific person. On the most basic level, it means that our minds did not act quickly enough to substitute the proper word into a sentence. For example, imagine talking to your best friend about her sister. The intended sentence would be, â€Å"How’s she doing?† As the speaker you would not have planned out the conversation or thought specifically about what to ask, but when you speak and say, â€Å"How’s he doing?† the immediate response is to say, ‘I meant she. How’s she doing?’ there is never a point at which the conscious mind stops and chooses the words to use. This might therefore make an interesting discussion for linguists and psychologists to determine how speech actually happens. James argues that it is a subconscious thing, which implies then that speech is a learned ability you can train the subconscious mind. Take for example learning to speak another language fluently.   Teachers argue that you cannot speak another language fluently until you can think in that language. The premise is basically the same as what James has argues. If you are completely fluent in the language and someone asks,   â€Å"Que es el nombre del gato?† You will be responding with the cat’s name before the image of the cat is even called to mind. If you are less than fluent, you will need to translate the question before you can answer, thus moving the response from the subconscious speech centers to the conscious mind. [(b) Can the arguments Wittgenstein employs against the idea that understanding words is a conscious process be adapted to show that intending or meaning to say words is not a conscious process that begins before I say them   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wittgenstein argues that the meaning of a word is defined as we use it, not by some memory flash card system begun when we are children.   This then would explain in English the tendency to crease euphemisms and phrases which cannot be translated literally based on the presumed meaning of the individual world. To use his argument, if language were a conscious thing, human speech patterns would always be precise and would never relay on simile, metaphor or any other form of literary device. Instead, in essence, he is arguing that because language to create imagery that is not a specific reflection of the exact meaning of what is said, it is a subconscious action. Likewise then, if the use of language is subconscious and not dependent on a specific meaning when a word is chosen, Wittgenstein’s argument can easily be developed to explain that the use of words or even the development of an answer is not necessarily a conscious thing. Think of it as a sort of language autopilot. Our subconscious mind understands what is being discussed and how to respond to it before the conscious mind has a chance to understand the nature of the question. Therefore, the subconscious mind can formulate a response and begin it before the conscious mind starts to speak. In the event that the conscious mind disrupts the process and inserts its own words, the subconscious mind can send it a message that says, ‘What I meant to say was†¦.† c) James claims that intending to say something is or provides an anticipation or premonition (=knowledge in advance) of the words I will say or think. Do Wittgenstein’s remarks in section. 187-192 show that James is laboring under some misunderstanding about this? Explain. Wittgenstein’s remarks indicate that James is misunderstanding the functioning of the mind by calling the natural process of communication between the conscious and subconscious premonition. He would argue that the act of speech is a sort of subconscious act, with only specific forms of speech coming from the conscious mind. If both parts of the mind are working in proper harmony, the subconscious can formulate and plan a response long before the conscious mind can even think about it. However, this is not a self-premonition or anything as supernatural as James might be implying. Instead, it is a factor of the understanding of the human brain and how it works. Since the body cannot, by definition, understand the workings of the subconscious, we simply must accept that these incidences occur when the subconscious works more rapidly than the conscious mind.   Wittgenstein argues that this is not a premonition, but simply evidence that the mind works much faster than we appreciate. 2.) P. F. Strawson writes: States or experiences†¦owe their identity as particulars to the identity of the person whose states and experiences they are. From this it follows immediately that if they can be identified as particular states and experiences at all, they must be possessed†¦in such a way that it is logically impossible that a particular state or experience in fact possessed by someone should have been possessed by anyone else. The requirements of identity rule out logical transferability of ownership. [Individuals, p. 97] (a) Briefly describe Wittgenstein’s treatment of the idea that â€Å"another person can’t have my pains† in Philosophical Investigations Section 253. (Describe the aims and strategy of his remarks.)[ Wittgenstein disagrees with Strawson, with a tongue-in-cheek sarcasm to illustrate that in the event of Siamese twins, two people could share the exact same pain. Ultimately, though his goal is to demonstrate that identity is not as important to the identification of pain as far as location and intensity. Whether a person has the exact same headache that you are having is not nearly as relevant as the fact that they have had a headache in the past and can therefore commiserate with the pain that you are feeling.   In essence, he is arguing that the sameness of the pain is also irrelevant. When discussing the human condition, it is more important to draw parallels between like circumstances than to throw up semi-rational boundaries such as the identifiers that Strawson used. While it may technically, maybe, be impossible for more than one other person to feel the exact same pain that you are feeling, in the human nature of inexact speech we often use the phrase â€Å"same pain† to indicate that we have been in similar circumstances. Drawing unnecessary barriers by pointing out that our individuality will affect the way that we feel pain does nothing to promote a greater understanding of pain, the nature of the individual, the nature of empathy or the human condition. If Strawson were attempting to define the uniqueness of the individual, his commentary might have been relevant, but in a discussion about the nature of pain, it is divisive and irrelevant. The point is to discuss the sameness of the human condition in that while we may have different understandings of pain, we can interrelate via the concept of pain. For example, two women with menstrual cramps may not be experiencing the same intensity of pain or even the same location, but they can relate based on the similar circumstance. (b) Do observations like those in his PhilosophicalRemarks *2 account for all the ways we use the expression (same) pain?] Wittgenstein’s examples via Philosophical Remarks perhaps do not go far enough in disavowing Strawson’s claims, but he does make a good start. By arguing that the criteria of identifying the sameness of pain involves location and intensity as criteria rather than identity of the person feeling the pain, Wittgenstein effectively argues that Strawson’s claim is false. What he fails to discuss are the non-physical sources of pain and whether they can be the same pain or if Strawson is closer to the mark when using inaccurate language to describe emotional trauma. But here too, if Wittgenstein had desired, he could argue that Strawson’s claim is fundamentally flawed. Again, we go first to the example of identical twins that are raised together. Though there might be some differences in their emotional makeup, for the most part, they are going to feel emotional pain in the same way. But even if we forgo the genetic aspect ad simply discuss emotion as an end result of experience, it seems ludicrous to assume that each of the six billion people on the planet will have experienced life in a completely unique way and will therefore never have the same pain as another person. (c) Push Wittgenstein’s investigation one step further. We say things like this: â€Å"I had two bad headaches today: one in the morning and one in the afternoon†. What are â€Å"criteria† for sameness and difference in such cases? The primary criteria for sameness and difference in this case would be the location of the headache and its intensity. For example, a tension headache might begin at the base of the spine and radiate upward, a sinus headache might begin just below the eyes and a migraine might be a throbbing in the temples. Each can be described as a bad headache depending on the severity and each is unique in its location. However, often people who are prone to headaches will have them in the same location and are given to saying, â€Å"I had that same headache again† to indicate to the listeners that this is a recurring problem in the same location with the same intensity. When language is used precisely, this is an inexact statement, but if the primary purpose of language is to convey meaning to the listener, this can be a much simpler way of saying â€Å"I have a headache again in the same spot as I did yesterday and it hurts the same amount.† Much like with the other discussion, Wittgenstein seems to be challenging his fellow philosophers regarding their choice and use of the language. Because the language itself is inexact, making a claim simply based on the language usage is invalid. (d) Do these cases vindicate Strawson? I do not believe these issues vindicate Strawson at all. It appears that he was doing exact what Wittgenstein was trying to warn against: he was using an imprecise example of language to erect a barrier to human empathy that need not exist. Generally speaking, when a person uses the phrases, â€Å"I feel your pain† it is to indicate that I have been in a similar circumstance and have felt pain because of it. As such, I can empathize with your pain. However, people simply do not talk that way and to expect them to do so is illogical. Therefore, Wittgenstein rebukes Strawson, fairly gently, trying to make him understand that the same is not always the same.   It makes perfect sense when you consider the propensity in English to use the phrase â€Å"exactly the same†. Though sameness implies that two things are alike, we have learned to differentiate between things that are similar and thus the same in casual conversation and things that are identical.

Allen Ginsberg and American Protest Literature Essay -- American Protes

BUNEA VALENTIN LEONARD GROUP 3A, ENGLISH-AMERICAN STUDIES ALLEN GINSBERG,  ¡Ã‚ §HOWL ¡Ã‚ ¨ AND THE LITERATURE OF PROTEST   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allen Ginsberg (1926-1997) was an important figure in the Beat Generation Movement that took place right before the revolutionary American 60 ¡Ã‚ ¦s. Other major beat writers (also called  ¡Ã‚ §beatnicks ¡Ã‚ ¨) were: Gregory Corso, Jack Kerouac and William Burroughs. The beat poetry was meant to be oral and very effective in readings. It developed out of poetry readings in underground clubs.(a beautiful image of these secret clubs can be found in the movie called  ¡Ã‚ §Dead Poet ¡Ã‚ ¦s Society ¡Ã‚ ¨ with Robin Williams playing the main character). Some argued that it was the grandparent of rap music. The term  ¡Ã‚ §Beat Generation ¡Ã‚ ¨ was coined by Kerouac in the fall of the 1948 in New York City. The word  ¡Ã‚ §beat ¡Ã‚ ¨ referred loosely to their shared sense of spiritual exhaustion and diffuse feelings of rebellion against what they experienced as the general conformity, hypocrisy and materialism of a larger society around them caught up i n he unprecedented prosperity of postwar America.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The beat poetry was the most anticanon form of literature in the United States. The poetry is a cry of pain and rage, a howl at what the poets see as the loss of America ¡Ã‚ ¦s innocence and as a tragic waste.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Allen Ginsberg was born in Newark, New Jersey. His parents were second generation Russian- Jewish immigrants, left-wing radicals interested in Marxism, nudism, feminism, generally in the modern revolutionary ideas of his times. This background certainly did influence his evolution as a revolutionary poet. His father, Louis Ginsberg, was a teacher and a poet, whose work was published in New York Times. During Ginsberg ¡Ã‚ ¦s childhood, his mother, Naomi Ginsberg, started to suffer from paranoia. She was institutionalized and eventually lobotomized. She died in an asylum in 1956. her life is the subject one Allen ¡Ã‚ ¦s poem entitled  ¡Ã‚ §Kaddish ¡Ã‚ ¨ and which was written as a compensation of her funeral service.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After he graduated a public high school, Ginsberg won a scholarship from Columbia University where he became a famous student, making friends with Williams Burroughs and Jack Kerouac. An... ...p;  Ã‚   Ginsberg ¡Ã‚ ¦s style is not disciplined, but based on a spontaneous utterance of ideas, violating all the current artistic canons, provoking a literary and social scandal. The powerful  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  representations of the urban realities, of the language and matter of the urban streets were meant to induce powerful reactions of the reader. He brought the culture down to the level of streets and neighborhoods. That ¡Ã‚ ¦s why the language and the images are obscene, including symbolism and direct references to oral and anal sex, homosexuality and drug use. We can even say that the form of the poem seems to be a self exploration, shaped after his own life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What Ginsberg manages to do is to freely express his attitudes the way they overwhelm him: defiance, longing, terror, hysteria, prayer, anger, joy, exhaustion, culminating with madness and suicide. BIBLIOGRAPHY: „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.sparknotes.com „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  www.questia.com „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF STATE-  ¡Ã‚ §OUTLINE OF AMERICAN LITERATURE ¡Ã‚ ¨ „ «Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  NORTON ANTHOLOGY

Job Analysis vs. Job Evaluation Essay

Describe the differences between job analysis and job evaluation and how these practices help establish internally consistent job structures. Job analysis is the organized gathering, documenting, and analyzing information to describe a job. A job analyses describes the job duties, worker requirements, working conditions, etc. Job evaluation is the recognition of differences within a set of jobs and establishes pay rates according to the job. A job analysis provides information about what duties the job consists of and what is required to perform the job which in turn allows the manager to know what types of people to hire for the positions. The job analysis results aid in establishing compensation for the various positions by the differences between job content and work requirements. Job content refers to actual job duties as well as the tasks that employees must perform on the job. Worker requirements are the minimum qualifications and skills that people must have in order to perform the job in question. Companies use this to develop pay grades and salary ranges to determine how much pay each position is worth. Describe the challenges in developing compensations that are both internally consistent and market competitive. Internally consistent compensation systems help allows companies to develop relative pay scales. Relative pay scale means that jobs within the company pay different rates in comparison to other jobs within the same company. The means that these internally consistent compensation systems are developed are based on simple principles and fundamentals. Jobs that require a person to have a higher level of education, experience, or a specific skill will be assigned a higher pay than a job requiring less. Another factor that affects the relative pay of a job within the company includes the complexity of the job as well as the level of responsibility that comes with it. This is very useful for a company but it will become necessary for employees to take on the duties of  other positions or even duties of newly created position in order for the company to remain competitive within the market. This could be caused my several different things. The company may downsize in the future, making employees take on more tasks. Or responsibilities can be added prior to the company becoming fully staffed or adding staff. This would increase the employee’s responsibilities or skills without increasing pay. One way to plan for this would be for the company to have the ability to give additional pay for additional responsibilities as defined by a defined policy allowing the company to grow based on market changes while still being able to fairly pay the employees for the work they do. This would make the company have a market competitive compensation policy which mean that the pay scale for jobs will attract and retain the most skilled and knowledgeable workers. A draw back to a market competitive compensation policy would be that it would not help keep costs low. An example would be the company paying too much for a specific job based on what the company can afford to pay, which can limit the company from doing other important things like training and development. Discuss whether it is fair to give one employee a smaller percentage merit increase because his pay falls within the 3rd quartile but give a larger percentage merit increase to the other because his pay falls within the 1st quartile and explain why. I do not believe it is fair to give one employee a smaller percentage merit increase because their pay falls within the 3rd quartile but give a larger percentage merit increase to the other because his pay falls within the 1st quartile. I think both should be evaluated on the work they are doing and their contributions to their team no matter what quartile they are in. Employees are rated by their management on job specific objectives as well as performance ratings over a course of time in order to determine whether an employee is due to receive a merit increase and the amount of increase. This typically happens after management does a performance appraisal of their employees work. If it is found that both employees do the exact same work, and they both have the same skill sets, and the same statistics on job performance then both should be given the same percentage merit increase. Discuss the basic concept of insurance and how this concept applies to health care. The basic concept of insurance is that it covers the costs of a group of services that provide employees with coverage for services. This is to provide the employees with the ability to take care of their physical and mental health. This includes and is not limited to covering physical examinations, diagnostic testing, surgery, hospitalization, dental care, vision coverage, as well as prescription drug coverage. Health insurance can be purchased by an individual directly through an insurance carrier, or it can be purchased through payroll deduction with their employer. The costs can be a lot more expensive if purchased directly from the carrier, deductibles may be higher, and the benefits may not coverage as much as group health coverage through an employer. Group health coverage through the employer is for a larger group of people and coverage negotiated. The company pays a portion of the benefits, allowing their employees to pay a lesser cost. In a fee for service plan there are deductibles, and this means that over a period of time an employee will have to pay for services needed before insurance benefits start to pay for services received. Describe the changes in the business environment and society that might affect the relevance or perhaps the viability of any of these benefits. Companies faced with rising cost of benefits and health care may cut employment in order to reduce benefits costs. This will make unemployment rise. Unemployment insurance payments for are there to provide temporary financial assistance to unemployed workers who meet their specific state requirements. Eligibility for unemployment insurance, benefit amounts, and length of time benefits are determined by the state law under which employment insurance claims are awarded. The problem with unemployment benefits is that due to a decline in revenue there are budget deficits. Other factors affecting the business and/or society that might affect the relevance or viability of benefits are things like companies closing, off shoring work, as well as layoffs. Anything that’s causes people to lose their jobs to pay for coverage’s and out of pocket expense or just loosing the coverage itself affect this. Without employer group coverage’s for health insurance, employees may not be able to afford to pay for medical services. References Dessler, G. (2011). Human Resource Management: 2010 custom edition (12th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall.Martocchio, J. J. (2011). Strategic compensation: A human resource management approach: 2011 custom edition (6th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. What is health insurance? Retrieved May 22, 2012, from http://www.investorwords.com/2289/health_insurance.html